Koralle-VM provides a host of minor and trace elements found by oceanographers to exhibit non-conservative behavior in seawater (meaning that they are depleted by biological and chemical reactions taking place within the photic zone) and that are safe for human handling.

Elements are present in natural seawater ratios (i.e. the ratios in which they are present in seawater). Since they are not depleted by biological nor chemical interactions, no minor or trace elements that are not expressly needed by aquatic organisms are present in this product; this includes unnecessary elements such as lithium, rubidium, and molybdenum.

Additionally, a full-complement of vitamins are present in the same ratios found in the tissues of filter-feeding marine invertebrates, organisms that extract plankton from the surrounding water and gain their nutritional benefit, and which are in turn consumed by many reef inhabitants. This logical blend of vitamins and minerals is of benefit to all marine aquarium inhabitants.

Of the detectable elements in seawater, 11 are minor elements and 52 are trace elements. Between the two groups, at least 13 elements appear to be expressly-required for the growth of primary producers such as algae, and an additional 18 are either incorporated into living tissue/skeletal material or undergo chemical interactions that cause their depletion in surface waters. These elements are important to a number of enzymatic and vitamin-synthesis reactions for plants and animals alike; additionally, they influence pigmentation, and therefore coloration, of various organisms.

Iodine, though an important trace element, is not provided by this product but instead appears in a separate supplement as a result of rapid usage relative to other trace and minor elements in marine environments.

Koralle-VM does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity of the vitamins.

Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product.

Brightwell Aquatics Liquid Reef has twice the calcium relative to carbonates as compared to natural aragonite, making it a very powerful calcium source. The active components of Liquid Reef are provided by a combination of sources and include natural aragonite, increasing the solubility of the solution and the effectiveness of the method.

Silicate- and phosphate-free.

Examples of reef-building organisms familiar to hobbyists are: stony corals and their allies; molluscs including clams (bivalves) and snails (gastropods); tube worms that secrete calcareous burrows; and calcareous algae such as coralline, Halimeda, and Penicilus. These organisms require that the components of aragonite be in adequate concentrations if they are to thrive, regardless of how perfect the remainder of their environment is. The advantage to this method of supplementation is that one product may be used to establish and maintain water parameters conducive to reef formation.

Note that target ion-specific supplementation may be called for in some aquaria, depending upon stocking density of reef-building organisms and environmental conditions within the system.

Additionally, hobbyists may choose to use Liquid Reef in conjunction with other methods of calcium, strontium, magnesium, and carbonate supplementation as a means of diversifying their dosing routine. The rate at which calcium and carbonates are extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of supplementation.

*Aragonite composition is seen to vary slightly between regions; the specific ratios of target ions in Liquid Reef are based upon data available for aragonite originating in the Tropical Atlantic.

Brightwell Aquatics Elemental has twice the calcium relative to carbonates as compared to natural aragonite, making it a very powerful calcium source.

The active components of Elemental are provided by a combination of sources and include natural aragonite, increasing the solubility of the solution and the effectiveness of the method.

Silicate- and phosphate-free.

The advantage to this method of supplementation is that one product may be used to establish and maintain water parameters conducive to reef formation.

Note that target ion-specific supplementation may be called for in some aquaria, depending upon stocking density of reef-building organisms and environmental conditions within the system.

Additionally, hobbyists may choose to use Elemental in conjunction with other methods of calcium, strontium, magnesium, and carbonate supplementation as a means of diversifying their dosing routine

Replenish provides only those minor and trace elements found by oceanographers to exhibit non-conservative behavior in seawater (meaning that they are depleted by biological and chemical reactions taking place within the photic zone) and that are safe for human handling.

Elements are present in natural seawater ratios (i.e. the ratios in which they are present in seawater). Since they are not depleted by biological nor chemical interactions, no minor or trace elements that are not expressly needed by aquatic organisms are present in this product; this includes unnecessary elements such as lithium, rubidium, and molybdenum.


Of the detectable elements in seawater, 11 are minor elements and 52 are trace elements. Between the two groups, at least 13 elements appear to be expressly-required for the growth of primary producers such as algae, and an additional 18 are either incorporated into living tissue/skeletal material or undergo chemical interactions that cause their depletion in surface waters.

These elements are important to a number of enzymatic and vitamin-synthesis reactions for plants and animals alike; additionally, they influence pigmentation, and therefore coloration, of various organisms.

Iron is utilized in the production of chloroplasts; it is very important to photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton, micro- and macroalgae, coralline algae, and zooxanthellae.

Although iodine is a minor element, it is taken up by algae and aquatic plants more rapidly than other minor elements, and is not included in this product, but rather in separate supplements

Brightwell Aquatics Restor is a complex of amino acids and fatty acids derived from marine fishes and crustaceans; it is a strong source of EPA, DHA, and other omega-3 fatty acids, as well as naturally-occuring pigments.

Restor was specifically formulated for the care of corals and their allies that: have been recently placed into a new aquarium and are adjusting to new lighting; have recently been exposed to prolonged elevated temperatures (inducing expulsion of symbiotic zooxanthellae, known as “bleaching”); have suffered tissue damage either through fragmenting or propagation, or through the unwanted grazing activities of aquarium inhabitants.

Research has shown that during bleaching events, some corals obtain the majority of their nutrients through capture of prey rather than by relying on zooxanthellae, until such time as the zooxanthellae have become adjusted to the change in lighting or re-established in the coral tissue. While the contents of Restor will not directly reverse coral bleaching, they will effectively provide nutrients required by the coral to potentially survive the period of time during which zooxanthellae are recovering or being reacquired; no express claims are made that corals who have suffered bleaching will recover when using this product, however it has generally been observed that corals obtaining the required nutrition (by actively feeding) during such an event have a higher rate of recovery.

Using Restor to fortify plankton of the proper size range for the target organism(s) is an extremely effective means of providing those important substances.

Restor does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity of the vitamins.

Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product